Zowopsa kwambiri ku moyo, katundu ndi chilengedwe zikubwera, asayansi akutero.
“Ngati simukukonda zomwe mukuwona lero, khalani mozungulira – ziziipiraipira zisanakhale bwino,” atero a Michael Oppenheimer, wasayansi yanyengo ku yunivesite ya Princeton.
Mayankho aboma a Biden pavutoli akuphatikiza phukusi lanyengo la $ 369 biliyoni lomwe lidakhazikitsidwa chaka chatha lomwe likufuna kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwanyengo ku US – ngakhale ntchitoyi itenga zaka makumi ambiri – komanso ndalama zopitilira $50 biliyoni zomwe lamulo la zomangamanga la 2021 likulimbana nazo ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa nyengo. .
Sizikudziwika ngati njirazi zipereka zotsatira mwachangu kuti apewe kusintha kwanyengo kapena kupirira zovuta zake. Ndipo ngakhale ndondomekoyi ikukumana ndi ziwonetsero za ndale zochokera ku Republican, omwe sanapereke njira yogwirizana ya nyengo koma akukonzekera kupanga kuchotsa chizindikiro chake cha nyengo gawo lalikulu la iwo 2024 uthenga kwa ovota. Koma Purezidenti Joe Biden walumbira kuti ateteza zomwe wapambana pamalamulo pomwe ziwonetsero zanyengo zikukulirakulira.
“Tilibe nthawi yochuluka,” Purezidenti adatero sabata ino ku Vilnius, Lithuania, akutcha kusintha kwanyengo “ndi chiwopsezo chimodzi chachikulu kwa anthu. ”
Pakadali pano, zosinthazi zikuchulukirachulukira.
Sabata yatha anabweretsa kutentha kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi m’zaka 143 zosunga mbiri, chomwe chingakhale chopambana kwambiri kuyambira nthawi yotsiriza yamadzi oundana zaka 125,000 zapitazo.
Izi zapangitsa kuti dziko lapansi liziyenda bwino kuti likhazikitse mbiri yatsopano ya kutentha kwa chaka chino, akatswiri ena akutero, kuposa chiwombankhanga cham’mbuyomu chomwe changokhala zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha. Zimayikanso pachiwopsezo kale ziyembekezo zocheperako za kukwaniritsa zolinga za kutentha zomwe US ndi mayiko ena oposa 190 adagwirizana nazo pansi pa mgwirizano wa nyengo wa 2015 ku Paris.
Gulu lofufuza zanyengo ku Berkeley Earth linanena Lachiwiri kuti kutentha kwapakati padziko lonse mu June kunali 1.47 digiri Celsius pamwamba pamilingo isanayambike mafakitale, mthunzi womwe uli pansi pa cholinga cha mgwirizano wanyengo wa Paris kuti achepetse kutentha kwa madigiri 1.5. Kupanda cholinga chimenecho kungawononge maiko ang’onoang’ono omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha kukwera kwa nyanja, asayansi atero.
World Meteorological Organization yati pali 66 peresenti amakhala ndi mwayi wofanana ndi kutentha kwapachaka kwapadziko lonse kukwera kudzapitirira madigiri 1.5 Celsius osachepera kamodzi pakati pa pano ndi 2027.
Dziko lapansi lawona kale kutentha kwa madigiri 1.2 kuyambira chiyambi cha kusintha kwa mafakitale, malinga ndi bungwe la Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Pakadali pano, asayansi a federal akuti kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya woipa m’mlengalenga ndi kuposa zomwe zakhala zaka zopitilira 3 miliyoni.
Ngakhale kuyipitsa kwanyengo ku US ndi ku Europe kukutsika, kudulako sikukwanira kuthetsa kukwera kwa mayiko ena, makamaka China ndi mayiko angapo azachuma.
“Mwayi wopewera madigiri 1.5 ndi wochepa. Ndizovuta kwambiri kufika kumeneko, “adatero Oppenheimer. “Sitikuchita zinthu mwachangu kuti tipewe pano.”
Masoka a nyengo omwe akuchitika panopa ndi monga momwe ananeneratu: kukwera kwa kutentha, mphepo yamkuntho yamphamvu, chilala chakuya, kupirira moto wolusa. Koma liwiro la kubwera kwawo ladabwitsa akatswiri ena.
“Kuyambira kwachitika mwachangu bwanji komanso momwe izi zikuchulukirachulukira – ndikuganiza kuti ngakhale asayansi odziwa zanyengo amadabwa kwambiri ndi izi,” atero a Kathy Jacobs, wasayansi yanyengo pa Yunivesite ya Arizona yemwe adayendetsa National Climate Assessment, a. kusesa kwa bungwe la federal kuwunika kwa sayansi yanyengo, munthawi yaulamuliro wa Obama.
Palibe mpumulo ku kutentha
Kutentha komwe kunatumiza kutentha ku Phoenix mpaka madigiri 111 Fahrenheit kukuyembekezeka kupitilirabe m’malo ambiri ku US mpaka sabata yamawa. Chiwopsezo chomwe chinafika pa Julayi 6 chinathandizira kuti pakhale masiku otentha kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi World Meteorological Organisation. Ndi a Nyengo ya El Nino Kuyembekezeredwa kubweretsa kutentha kuposa madzi ambiri ku Pacific Ocean, pamwamba pa zaka makumi ambiri za kutentha kwa dziko, zikutheka kuti chaka chino chidzakhala chotentha kwambiri kuposa nthawi zonse.
Pali kuzindikira kokulirapo pakati pa akuluakulu aboma kuti mafunde akuchulukirachulukira komanso owopsa, akuwopseza thanzi, atero a Morgan Zabow, wogwira ntchito ku NOAA yemwe amayesetsa kuyesa kutentha. Pofika Lachisanu, anthu aku America pafupifupi 114 miliyoni anali akuchenjeza za kutentha, malinga ndi Heat.gov.
Zabow adanenanso kuti kutentha ndiye kupha anthu ambiri okhudzana ndi nyengo.
“Zikungoipiraipirabe. Ndiye ngati anthu saziganizira, makamaka pafupipafupi, ndipamene zimafa kwambiri,” adatero.
Zimenezi n’zoona padziko lonse. Ofufuza adamaliza mu kafukufuku yemwe adasindikizidwa Lolemba kuti chilimwe chatha kutentha kwa kutentha ku Ulaya kunapha anthu 61,000. Ambiri mwa anthu omwe anamwalira anachitika kumwera kwa Ulaya, komwe bungwe la WMO linanena kuti tsopano kuli chilala.
Mwina chodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri ndicho kutentha kwa m’nyanja. Nyanja ya Atlantic ikukumana malo okhala ngati bafa kuzungulira Florida, ndipo olosera asinthanso maulosi awo a nyengo yamkuntho yomwe ikubwerayi. Kuwonjezera pa kulimbikitsa mvula yamkuntho ndi mphepo yamkuntho, madzi otentha amatha kusokoneza West Africa pakati pa mvula yamphamvu ndi kulanga chilala, adatero Omar Baddour, mkulu wa WMO yoyang’anira nyengo ndi gawo la ntchito za ndondomeko.
Madzi osefukira akugunda kale kumadera ena a US, komwe mvula yamkuntho idasefukira kumpoto chakum’mawa sabata yatha ndikuwononga nyumba mazana ambiri ndikupha munthu m’modzi. Popeza anthu ambiri akumidzi atatsekeredwa ndipo misewu ikuluikulu idatsekedwa, anthu amadikirira masiku kuti apulumutsidwe. Bwanamkubwa waku Vermont waku Republican a Phil Scott adayenda ulendo wopita kumalo otetezeka kudzera mumsewu wa chipale chofewa kuti adutse misewu “yosadulika konse”, adalemba mu tweet.
Kuwonjezera pa vuto: US yakhalapo kalekale kumachepetsa kwambiri chiwopsezo cha kusefukira kwa madzi chifukwa cha mvula yamphamvu, zomwe zikuchitika kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwapa wa kampani yowonetsera zoopsa za nyengo ya First Street Foundation. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu kupitiriza kusuntha – ndi kumanga – m’njira yovulazangakhale kuti mapu a chiwopsezo cha kusefukira amapangitsa eni nyumba ambiri kusiya kupereka inshuwalansi pa chigumula.
Ku Vermont, nyumba zosakwana 1 peresenti ya nyumba padziko lonse lapansi zidatenga inshuwaransi yothandizidwa ndi boma. M’chigawo cha New York, nyumba zosakwana 2 peresenti ya nyumba zomwe zatetezedwa ndi kusefukira kwa madzi, malinga ndi inshuwaransi yachinsinsi ya Neptune Flood Insurance. Anthu amene nyumba zawo zinawonongeka chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa madziko mwina akukumana ndi mavuto azachuma.
Ngozi ina yochokera ku dziko lotentha ndi utsi wamoto wolusa, monga wa ku Canada womwe watentha malo okwana maekala pafupifupi 24 miliyoni chaka chino. malinga ndi bungwe lozimitsa moto mdziko muno. Utsi, womwe umayambitsa matenda a mtima ndi mapapo, yavutitsa mbali za Midwest ndi East Coast m’chilimwe chonse.
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kusintha kwanyengo kumabweretsa “zowonjezera” zomwe zingathe kuthetsedwa, adatero Jacobs, yemwe tsopano ndi mkulu wa Center for Climate Adaptation Science and Solutions ku yunivesite ya Arizona.
Koma “sizili ngati kuwonjezereka kochepa,” adatero. “Ndikuphatikiza kwa kutentha ndi chilala, kapena moto wolusa komanso mpweya wabwino komanso thanzi.”
Zoopsa zina zimapereka kutentha pang’onopang’ono. Kukwera kwa kutentha kwa m’nyanja pamodzi ndi El Niño kuwopseza kupha zamoyo zam’madzi ndikuchepetsa usodzikuwononga chakudya, adatero Michael Sparrow, mkulu wa gawo la kafukufuku wa nyengo ku WMO.
Zowopsa zochokera kuzinthu izi sizinagawidwe mofanana – kaya pakati pa mayiko kapena mayiko. Nyumba zambiri za anthu ku US sizibwera ndi zoziziritsa mpweya, komanso anthu ambiri sangakwanitse kuwonjezera, Oppenheimer adatero. Akuluakulu aboma m’maboma ngati Arizona ndi Illinois amalangiza omwe alibe zoziziritsira mpweya kuti aziyendera malo ozizira pakatentha, koma ambiri safikirika ndi anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kutentha, monga okalamba, odwala matenda osachiritsika kapena opeza ndalama zochepa opanda mayendedwe odalirika, adatero.
Madera ena akuyesera kuthana ndi zoperewerazo. Akuluakulu ku Miami-Dade County ku Florida adapeza kuti ndi ziti ziti zomwe zimakhala ndi zipatala zapamwamba kwambiri zokhudzana ndi kutentha komanso maulendo opita kuchipinda chadzidzidzi, kenako adayambitsa kampeni yodziwitsa anthu ndi zotsatsa zamabasi m’malo oyandikana nawo komanso mawayilesi pa Chikiliyo- ndi Chisipanishi. masiteshoni. Zikupangitsanso ma ZIP code kukhala patsogolo pa kubzala mitengo yatsopano kuti ipereke mithunzi yambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nyumba za anthu zomwe zili m’boma zimakhala ndi zoziziritsira mpweya zatsopano komanso ndalama zowonjezera mphamvu.
“Timakonda kutentha kwathu kawirikawiri, koma kutentha kumayamba kukhala koopsa ndi kutentha kwa madigiri a 90,” adatero mkulu wa bungwe la Miami-Dade Jane Gilbert.
Kukwera kwachuma
Kusintha kwanyengo kwabweretsa kale ndalama zambiri pazachuma. Popanda kuthana nazo, tabu imakula.
Kutentha, mwachitsanzo, kumawononga US kuposa $ 100 biliyoni pakuwonongeka kwa ogwira ntchito pachaka, malinga ndi Adrienne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center ya Atlantic Council ndi kampani yowonetsera Vivid Economics. Madipatimenti azaumoyo akumaloko amatambasulidwa, ndikuwonjezera ndalama, kapena samadziwa kulemba bwino za matenda a kutentha. Anthu ambiri amene amafa chifukwa cha kutentha amadwalanso matenda monga ukalamba, zomwe zimachititsa kuti imfa ziwonjezeke.
Kutentha kwanyengo kumaperekanso zowawa zambiri kwa oyenda pandege chifukwa cha mvula yamkuntho, mkulu wa United Airlines a Scott Kirby. adatero pamwambo wa mfundo za POLITICO sabata ino.
Kuyamba kofulumira kwa kutentha kosasinthasintha ndi koopsa kukuchititsa kuti anthu asadziwe.
“Ubongo wamunthu sungathe kuyenderana ndi kufulumira komanso kuzindikira za chiopsezo chanu,” adatero Kathy Baughman McLeod, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti ku Atlantic Council komanso director of Adrienne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center.
Zotsatira zina zimakhala zolunjika. Kuphatikizika kwa chilala, kusintha kwanyengo komanso chitukuko chachangu kwabweretsa mtengo wowonekera bwino wachuma ku Arizona: Madzi adatsika mpaka pomwe adayambitsa lamulo. kuletsa zilolezo zina zomanga nyumba zatsopano pafupi ndi Phoenix mwezi watha. Malo otetezawa adagwirabe ngakhale kuti Sun Belt ndizovuta kumanga.
“Nthawi zonse ndimaopa kukakankhira kudzabwera kudzakankhira kumbuyo – ndipo izi zitha kuchitika,” adatero Jacobs, yemwe adatsogolera gulu lomwe lidalemba malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito madzi ku Arizona kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1980 ndi 1990. “Koma kwenikweni, zomwe tikuwona ndi pulogalamu yoyendetsera madzi yomwe ikugwira ntchito. Ndipo ndine wokondwa kwambiri ndi gawo ili. “
Pakadali pano, bungwe la Federal Emergency Management Agency lasintha kuchoka pavuto lina kupita ku lina, ndikuchotsa nkhokwe zake.
Kuphatikiza pakuwongolera kuyankha pakagwa tsoka, FEMA imayendetsanso inshuwaransi ya US federal kusefukira kwamadzi. Ndipo sikuli okonzeka kuthana ndi zovuta zambiri zomwe kusintha kwanyengo kukulavula, atero a AR Siders, pulofesa wothandizira pa Yunivesite ya Delaware yemwe amayang’ana kwambiri masoka.
“Ndikuganiza kuti tonse ku United States sitili okonzeka kuthana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo,” adatero. “Tikuchita mochulukira mumayendedwe m’malo mokonzekera.”
Mneneri wa FEMA a Jeremy Edwards adati Bipartisan Infrastructure Law yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2022 idaphatikiza $ 7 biliyoni kuti athandizire anthu kukhala olimba, “zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mapulogalamu a FEMA achuluke monga Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities, kapena BRIC, ndi Thandizo lathu lothana ndi kusefukira kwa madzi, lomwe pamapeto pake litithandiza. amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa masoka ndi kuvutika.”
Zia Weise anathandizira pa nkhaniyi.